As turbulence and uncertainty grip the Middle East, what is Shia Islam – the Muslim ideology which came to power in Iran in 1979, and has dominated it for decades since?
Shia is Islam’s second largest branch, representing 10-15% of Muslims. It originates from a dispute over who should succeed Muhammad after his death in 632. Some thought the next leader of Islam should be chosen by consultation among Muhammad’s companions. This group later became the Sunnis, from “Ahl al-Sunnah” – meaning “people of the tradition.”
Others thought the leadership should stay within Muhammad’s family. They wanted Ali, his cousin and son-in-law to be the next leader. They became known as “Shia,” from “Shi‘at Ali” – meaning “party of Ali.” It is held that Imams, these successors to Muhammad, provide authoritative spiritual and political leadership.
